Avaliação do perfil epidemiológico e dos fatores de risco associados às infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde, na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are considered a serious global public health problem, as they increase morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile and risk factors associated with healthcare-associated infections in the intensive care unit of the Hospital Universitário Alberto Antunes. This is na observational prospective cohort study with a quantitative approach. The sample was of the convenience type. Composed of 33 patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), with a stay of more than 48 hours, who agreed to participate in the study and allowed access to their medical records. The collected data were collected using an instrument, organized and stored in a database, using the Microsoft Excel®10 program. As a result, in the period from September 2023 to February 2024 (six months), of the patients monitored, 11 were identified with HAIs in the ICU. IRAS occurred more frequently in male patients, over 60 years of age, post-operative gastrointestinal surgery, with severe systemic alterations, functional limitation, metastasis, cancer, orotracheal intubation and central venous catheter. The main foci of HAIs were ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and surgical site infection (SSI), with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus as the main causative agents, respectively. The outcome of patients who developed HAIs was not positive according to the analysis, as 72.7% died (OR = 56.00 CI95%), thus highlighting the high risk of mortality that this adverse event generates. Therefore, it is noted that the IRAS in the ICU of the hospital studied presented a significant result, even with a small sample number. Highlighting the need for active surveillance for signs of HAIs by health professionals.