Perfil de captação de receitas próprias no ensino superior: análise de eficiência das universidades federais do Nordeste

Abstract

The financing of higher education is a theme broadly discussed, especially when it comes toassociating the government with the obligation to pay for it and offer it free of charge to thepopulation. It turns out that the high costs of higher education have brought the governmentsome difficulties in providing sufficient resources for the maintenance of these institutions. InBrazil, federal universities still support the free access model, whose budget is provided bythe Federal Government. Although this budget is insufficient, the situation worsens after theapproval of constitutional amendment nº 95/2016 that imposes, among other measures, aboundary on higher education expenditures. It is in this scenario that the revenues collecteddirectly by the universities appear as an alternative to their funding, from their effort toproduce their revenues. In this context, the proposed problem arises: Were the northeastfederal universities efficient in raising funds from 2012 to 2021? For the development of theresearch, 19 federal universities were chosen that are installed in the northeast region of Brazilbecause they have similar regional characteristics. For the method, Data EnvelopmentAnalysis (DEA) was selected as a tool to measure the efficiency of universities and to developa benchmarking between the sample units. As an intervention proposal, the research suggeststhe elaboration of its own revenue policy and a software development for recordinginformation that enables the control and monitoring of data. The results show that theuniversities were not efficient in raising funds, having achieved an efficiency degree between0.4 and 0.5 when considering the normalized composite efficiency frontier. The collected dataalso show that EC nº 95/2016 directly interferes with the amounts collected by theuniversities, since the amounts collected after the rule was applied represent only 62% of theresources collected in the first half of the historical series, without the rule being applied.