A estimulação precoce com a utilização do brincar para redução do atraso no desenvolvimento infantil de crianças em acolhimento institucional

Abstract

Institutional care is a protective measure for children and adolescents exposed to situations of violence, negligence and abandonment. In this context, experiencing adverse moments during childhood can result in damage to child development. Motivated by this problem, the objective was to evaluate the child development of children in institutional care during early childhood using the act of playing. This is an action research, with a quantitative and participatory approach, carried out with 14 children, seven females and seven males, aged between two and 66 months, living in a shelter institution in Alagoas. Data collection was carried out from June to September 2023, using the child development assessment instruments: Ages & Stages Questionnaires. Based on this assessment, action plans were developed to carry out activities focused on improving or recovering children's skills with issues. From the sample, 13 children presented delays, the majority being revealed in more than one developmental domain. With four losses, the final sample included nine children who participated in all stimulation activities. Delays were identified in the following domains: fine motor skills (n=9), followed by communication (n=8), cognition (n=8), personal/social (n=6) and wide motor skills (n=5). From the sample, five showed improvement in executing skills expected for the corresponding age group. Early stimulation proved to be an ally in reducing losses for this group, since the stimuli promoted contributed to the progress in areas of development that presented delays. It is worth noting that to achieve greater progress, it is necessary to develop new studies aimed at promoting continuous strategies, with the inclusion of trained educators and caregivers to address gaps in the child development of institutionalized children.