Impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 em planos e programas de saúde e segurança do trabalho na construção civil: análise dos fatores críticos de sucesso em canteiros de obra a partir de um estudo de caso

Abstract

The outbreak of SARS-coV-2 (new coronavirus or Covid-19), declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization - WHO, created a global health crisis that affected several industrial segments, including the construction industry - ICC. Managers and workers linked to the ICC have faced new challenges in work environments, especially on construction sites. There are uncertainties about the guidelines adopted worldwide in coping with Covid-19 and about their effectiveness at the individual and organizational levels. This research has as a general objective to present the critical success factors - CSF carried out under the ICC in plans and programs of occupational safety and health - OSH on construction sites during the pandemic of Covid-19 in the world and in Maceió-AL. To conduct the research, a qualitative approach was adopted, being divided into two parts. The first part consisted of conducting a systematic literature mapping, based on a protocol established to identify the critical success factors - CSF described in the literature for the control and prevention of Covid-19 contamination in construction sites. Through the indexing platform for journals Web of Science - WoS 15 articles were extracted with adherence to the theme, being this the object for the identification of the CSF, through a transversal reading. The second part of the research consisted of the field stage, for analysis and verification as to the relationship between the CSFs described by the literature and the context of the ICC in the country, having as unit of analysis a construction company in Maceió, Alagoas, linked to the buildings subsector, of the multifamily type with multiple floors, in different stages of execution of the works. Six measures adopted by the ICC described in the literature were identified: a) Social distancing; b) Sanitization; c) On-site screening and symptom monitoring; d) Use of personal protective equipment; e) Information and awareness about the Covid-19 pandemic; f) Removal of suspected cases; and compared to the procedures adopted in the local object of analysis. Social distancing was the FCS most employed because of its low cost. There is still a large field within the area of OHS to be explored on the topic of the Covid-19 pandemic, requiring testing and data collection in order to prove the effectiveness of the measures adopted.