Relação do fator imunológico com o aparecimento de manifestações cutâneas na infecção por SARS-COV-2

Abstract

COVID-19 is recognized as a multisystemic pathology with mandatory multidisciplinary management. Therefore, several studies are being carried out regarding it and the impacts in different clinical spheres on the health of the population. Considering the various reports on dermatological manifestations associated with COVID-19, this study is an Integrative Review, which seeks to evaluate the evidence available in the literature on the relationship between immunological factors and the appearance of cutaneous manifestations in SARS-CoV infection- two. Searches in the databases resulted in the screening of 72 studies. After analysis, the inclusion of 15 studies in this review was confirmed, which were evaluated and synthesized into a data collection instrument. Five groups of clinical patterns of cutaneous manifestations present in patients with COVID-19 were observed: acral areas of erythema-edema with some vesicles or pustules (pseudophrenia) (19% of cases), other vesicular eruptions (9% of cases), urticarial lesions (19% of cases), other maculopapules (47% of cases), and livedo or necrosis (6%). Which could be associated with two types of pathophysiological processes for its appearance, which were: the viral cytopathic effect directly on the cell of the organism infected by SARS-CoV-2 and due to the hyperexpression of immune system, causing an uncontrolled expression of viral cytokines in the body. The scientific evidence on skin lesions in SARS-CoV-2 infection, their possible biomarkers, the clinical characteristics of manifestations that can predict the patient's clinical prognosis, are of extreme importance for agility in the management of sick patients.