Estresse de minoria em populações sexo gênero diversas: mensuração e análises multigrupais

Abstract

Discrimination suffered by people from different gender minorities is a classic theme when considering the contextual investigation of the target audience. In Brazil, this aspect is evidenced with greater magnitude, since the country is one of the most violent and kills people who identify themselves as LGBTPQIAN+ in the world. From this, the Minority Stress Theory (TEM) appears as a way of thinking that considers specific stressors of each sexually minorized group, differentiating between themselves and in comparison with people who fit the cisheteronorms. Therefore, this dissertation had as general objective to evaluate the stress of minorities in people of diverse gender populations (Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transvestites and Transsexuals) in the Brazilian context. To this end, Article I aimed to adapt the Protocol to Assess Minority Stress in LGBTs - Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals (PEM-LGB-BR) for the T population (PEM-T-BR), in order to provide an instrument to investigate the specific context of this target audience, considering its own characteristics, as well as the type of specific description that this group suffers on a daily basis. Therefore, the adaptation was carried out based on the scientific literature, and the adapted instrument was evaluated by five expert judges in the area of psychology, aged between 28 and 39 years (M= 31.40, SD= 5, 03 ), of these, 60% had a doctoral degree and 40% had a master's degree. In addition, the semantic validation also counts on the participation of six trans people, who judged the intelligibility of the instrument, and as participants were aged between 24 and 43 years (M= 33.83, SD= 7.35). The results of the semantic analysis indicate that the adaptation of the instrument followed the theoretical and practical criteria of psychometric measures, thus presenting good indicators of content validity. Subsequently, 200 trans women participated, aged between 18 and 44 years (M= 27.57, SD= 6.02), who responded to the survey quarter, containing the PEM-T-BR and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). From this, analyzes were carried out to validate the instrument's construct and reliability, in which the results confirm its practical, theoretical and empirical suitability, allowing the application of the instrument on a large scale in the Brazilian context. In addition, Article II aimed to investigate the incidence of minority stress in sexually minorized groups, considering the LGBT population, in addition to investigating the effects of minority stress on indicators of psychological distress, this time considering only the T population To this end, I count on the participation of two Samples, the first being the same as in Article I, and the second sample considering the selection of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGBs) people, and I count on the participation of 283 participants among 18 and 35 years old (M= 23.22, SD= 3.50), among these, 105 people declared themselves bisexual (40.63%), 95 gay people (33.57%) and 68 lesbian people (24.03% ). The results corroborate the hypothesis of greater psychological affectation in the T population, which, in turn, presented significantly higher numbers of minority stressors, confirming the findings in the literature, which indicate that the social context of transvestite and transgender people is demarcated from more discriminatory experiences than other minorized subgroups such as LGBs. In addition, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) made it possible to investigate the impact of this stress of minorities of population T on the indicators of psychological distress investigated in this study (Depression, Anxiety and Stress). From this, it was possible to observe that the stress of minorities had a significantly high influence on the general stress perceived by trans people, which, in turn, had equally marked influences on the presence of depression and anxiety. The findings of this study corroborate once again with the findings of the scientific literature, which indicate that the stressors of minorities are an addition to the common stress of the daily life of human beings, but also appear as preponderant factors for the greater marginalization and vulnerability of transvestites and transsexuals have fragile mental health indicators.