O estudo da pesca sob a ótica do Framework de Assets de Áreas Protegidas: da sustentabilidade à geração de benefícios para o bem-estar social

Abstract

Protected Areas (PA) are recognized worldwide as tools capable of protecting biodiversity and ecosystem services. In addition to its ecological benefits, many works also discuss its economic and social benefits. When well implemented, and effective, these areas also have the potential to contribute to local development. Furthermore, it is believed that good governance in PA is a key-factor in designing management strategies, such as fisheries management, or co-management programs. Some approaches were developed with the objective of analysing governance projects and the effectiveness of PA. An approach was proposed that would frame PA as sets of natural assets; such assets interact with each other and with the environment through value-generating practices (VGPs). In order to contribute to the debate on local development and PA as catalysts for ecological, economic and social benefits, this thesis analyses artisanal fishing and arapaima comanagement as VGPs; In order to raise the perceptions of fishers about the contribution of these activities to their well-being; and identify the barriers and factors that facilitates fishing activity; in a context of sustainable use PA. The studies were carried out in four PA, two in the Amazon: Middle Juruá Extractive Reserve and Uacari Sustainable Development Reserve; and two in a coastal marine environment: Lagoa de Jequiá Marine Extractive Reserve and Costa dos Corais Environmental Protected Area. The results of this Thesis are presented in three scientific articles arranged in this manuscript. This work contributes to the discussion of artisanal fisheries, co-management programs and the need for participatory fisheries management in Brazil. Also demonstrating how the approach of protected area assets can be effective to analyse artisanal fisheries; that is, the values it generates for fishermen and fisherwomen, the risks and threats to which they are subjected, the state of the assets (fishing resources and ecosystems), and, additionally, the enablefactors that drive the generation of values, the exploration/use of assets and access to the benefits of the activity. Enabling the framing of the activity in a document that highlights relevant points when it comes to drawing up action, governance and fisheries management strategies.