Potencialidade de reúso de efluentes nos municípios da região do semiárido do estado de Alagoas

Abstract

Semi-arid regions suffer from rainfall with great spatio-temporal variability, associated with low values of annual totals. The phenomenon directly affects the lives of the people who inhabit these places, since food production is directly impacted by the lack of rain. In the state of Alagoas, 38 (thirty-eight) municipalities are part of the semi-arid region of Brazil, which, in addition to the problems, is affected by the lack of basic sanitation in many locations. Given this scenario, this study sought to highlight the potential of reusing treated effluents for fertigation of crops in domestic environments, as well as for the improvement of small and large farmers in the production of different crops and for uses in urban areas, such as irrigation. of green areas such as flowerbeds, squares, and parks. Low-cost technologies for the treatment of wastewater are extremely important in the region, as it allows access to the fertigation method for more people, among these technologies, septic tanks together with the wetlands have shown positive results, in terms of low cost, easy installation, operation and space optimization. The text also sought to highlight the results obtained by different researchers when applying irrigation with recycled water to different types of vegetables, watermelon, eggplant, and vegetables stood out, where positive results were obtained after the application of fertigation, with a great increase in the reproduction of each one of the cultures, when using the correct doses. In the end, after characterizing the study region, a total of 38 municipalities in the states inserted in the Brazilian semi-arid region were obtained, of which 10 had sewage treatment plants registered in the Atlas Esgotos from ANA. The flow of domestic sewage generated was estimated, and the municipality of Arapiraca had the highest flow, with about 22,493.664 m³/d, in contrast to the municipality of Palestina, which had an approximate flow of 404.88 m³/d. The Study brought the exposure of fertigation and its specificities, where the expectations of application of the reuse of effluents in the study region were aligned, in front of the current calculated demand and its applicability was proven.