O impacto do diagnóstico do HIV na gravidez ou pós parto e seus efeitos na vida das mulheres: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: HIV is the acronym in English for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which is the retrovirus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV compromises the immune system that is responsible for the body's defender of disease. A prominent portion of HIV diagnoses in the female population occurs through rapid tests in prenatal care and in some cases during childbirth or postpartum in maternity hospitals. The Ministry of Health recommends that a rapid HIV test for pregnant women should be performed at the first prenatal consultation (ideally, in the first trimester of pregnancy), at the beginning of the third trimester and at the time of delivery. (MS, 2019). Also according to the Ministry of Health, testing should also be carried out at any other time when there is risk exposure or sexual violence. Objective: To synthesize the knowledge produced in the scientific literature in the last five years, about the impact of HIV diagnosis during pregnancy or postpartum and its effects on women's lives. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review of primary studies published in the time frame from 2015 to 2020, in Portuguese and English, in the MedLine, Lilacs and BDEnf databases through the Virtual Health Library (VHL), and PubMed, using search strategies, according to the specificities of the databases in question. Results: 11 primary studies were selected, from which the following categories were extracted: 1) Women's feelings when receiving the diagnosis of HIV during pregnancy or postpartum; 2) Implications of disclosing the diagnosis to the partner, family members and others. 3) Motherhood and HIV, the main challenges faced by mothers after diagnosis. 4) The role of health professionals in assisting pregnant women and postpartum women diagnosed with HIV. Conclusion: Through the results found, it was possible to measure the complexity of the effects caused by the diagnosis of HIV in the lives of women and to identify the need for interventions capable of minimizing such effects. The importance of the multidisciplinary team and monitoring with an emphasis on emotional issues related or not to motherhood is emphasized, in order to protect the child not only from TV, but from possible losses in their development, related to depression or other psychological complications suffered. for their mothers. There is a need for further studies that involve the issue of motherhood in the context of HIV and that prioritize issues of an emotional nature.