Humor e crítica: uma análise linguístico-discursiva das charges que retrataram o processo de impeachment da presidenta Dilma Rousseff

Abstract

This work is placed in the field of Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 2006; FABRÍCIO, 2006), which presumes a study of the language in process and the necessity of a political agenda in the area researches. Considering the social and historical character of the language and its importance for the constitution of social relations (BAKHTIN, 2014; VOLÓCHINOV, 2017) in the social context, we will seek to reflect how humor, as a linguistic-discursive phenomenon, manifests and produces meanings in its reflection and (re) frame of the world. Thus, as we understand that humor produces discourses and reflects on the reality around us, it is important to understand it, not only as an element of entertainment, as but also a critical tool of reality (TRAVAGLIA, 1990). Humor attributes perceptions and meanings to human actions that are concected to society, culture, social groups and a certain historical time (BERGSON, 2001; SANTOS, 2012). From this perspective, considering these aspects of humor, we intend, from a qualitative (CHIZZOTTI, 2005) and dialogical approach of the language, to analyze how humor manifests and produces meanings in its reflection and perception of the world, specifically, how the humor unveils and re-signifies the political speeches in the cartoons depicting the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff (PT) in 2016, an event retained by strong economic, political and social conflict. Accordingly, to compose the corpus of analysis of this work, ten cartoons were selected in the newspaper Folha de São Paulo, published during the impeachment period, started on December 2, 2015 and ended on August 31, 2016. From these discussions and reflections, this research seeks to contribute to the understanding of the historical, social and critical character present in humor and its unique way of building meanings about political events through the charge genre, not only reflecting reality, but reframing and producing new meanings.