Sistemática de mensuração da eficiência no setor público: uma modelagem para os Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia

Abstract

In a context of state reform and society's desire for the provision of quality public services, it is up to public organizations to respond the social expectations with the utmost efficiency. The use of state policy performance control and monitoring tools, such as indicators and benchmarking, aims to adopt best practices as a means of raising performance and increasing results. Thus, education, as a public policy that integrates both the intellectual and socioeconomic development of countries, arouses interest in the population to verify the efficiency of their spending. From this perspective, the Federal Professional Education Network is inserted, especially the Federal Institutes, whose main objective is the promotion of regional progress linked to social inclusion and income distribution. Therefore, the study aims to analyze the degree of efficiency of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology from 2013 to 2017. To reach the general objective, we sought to examine the aspects related to the use of indicators. by these organizations; propose an efficiency measurement modeling; calculate the relative efficiency level from the application of the proposed model; raise reference institutions for those institutes considered inefficient; and evaluate their productivity over the years. Thus, the Data Envelopment Analysis method was used, with variable returns of scale and orientation to the outputs, to measure the efficiency and the Malmquist Index to determine the productivity of the institutions. The data used in this work originate from the Federal Professional Education Network indicators, available on the website of the Ministry of Education's Secretariat of Technology. Regarding the variables used, Current Expenditure per Enrollment was considered as input, and the Finisher Ratio per Enrollment and the Academic Efficiency Index of the Finishers as outputs. Two softwares were adopted: for the efficiency measurement the SIAD was used and for the calculation Malmquist Productivity Index the DEAP was used. The results of the application of the developed modeling revealed that the average standard efficiency between 2013 and 2017 was only 0.64, and only 10 Federal Institutes reached the maximum efficiency score at least once in the period investigated. This number represents only 26% of the total organizations evaluated. These same institutes were also pointed as benchmarks for the others, and contributed to the determination of the targets for improvement in the input / output ratio in each year examined. The Malmquist Index presented an average decrease of 14.1%, especially due to the average technological involution of 24.6%. Thus, it was found that the efficiency level of the Federal Institutes presents a relevant opportunity for improvement. Finally, a manual is proposed to facilitate the reproduction of the modeling developed in the present study, aiming to contribute to the process of seeking excellence within the Federal Institutes.