A implantação dos serviços residenciais terapêuticos e a desinstitucionalização em Maceió – Alagoas

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to understand deinstitutionalization from the implantation of therapeutic residences in the city of Maceió, which occurred at the end of 2017. The Therapeutic Residential Service has the purpose of reinserting in the society psychiatric patients institutionalized for long period or of custodial hospitals that do not have social support or family ties, encouraging autonomy and promoting the rescue of the citizenship of these individuals through psychosocial rehabilitation. In order to achieve the proposed objective, four semi-structured interviews were conducted with 4 (four) collaborators, 2 (two) residents of the therapeutic residency and 2 (two) CAPS professionals, besides the field diary and public domain documents, such as: Official Gazette of the City, Public Civil Actions, Municipal Health Plan and news published in websites. The statements produced during the interviews were transcribed and analyzed according to the theoretical-methodological framework of Discursive Practices and Production of Meanings, based on the perspective of Social Constructionism. From the participants' speeches, it was possible to understand that the implantation of the Therapeutic Residential Service in the city represented an important advance in relation to the offer of substitutive services in mental health. The research facilitated the understanding of the process that led to the implementation of Therapeutic Residences in the city, as well as the identification of the strategies used by the involved actors, favoring the discussion of the implications of deinstitutionalization. Among them, from the perspective of professionals, the need for reformulations of psychosocial care actions in the CAPS, in which the professionals needed to accommodate the newly emerged demand, creating new strategies of care, the functioning of the groups and the activities available in the services. As for the residents of the residences, the research made it possible to identify, for example, that from the deinstitutionalization, they and the reference professionals sought to guarantee rehabilitation assistance for mental health users from psychiatric institutions, through “Back Home” program.