A referenciação no debate político: processos referenciais na construção do sentido

Abstract

This paper analyzes how the referential processes in the political debate genre act for the constitution of textuality and argumentation in this genre, as far as the sociocognitive processes involved in referencing are concerned. For this, it was sought to observe which processes are more evident in the debate genre; to evaluate how the referential phenomena of this kind establish the three foundations of reference; to analyze in what way the metaphorical recategorization acts in the constitution of textual tessitura and the argumentative process in the political debate. It was also discussed on the textual genres, their definition and classification, as well as the characterization of the genre political debate, which is considered public and regulated and argumentative basis, since in the debate the voters try to convince undecided voters that are the most suitable candidates for president. The theoretical reference has the contributions of Antunes (2005), Bentes (2012), Cavalcante, Custódio Filho and Brito (2014), Costa (2009), Custódio Filho (2011), Fávero and Koch (2012), Koch Koch and Elias (2009), (2015), (2016a) and (2016b), Köche, Boff and Marinello (2010), Marcuschi (2011), (2012), (2013), (2014) and (2015) (2003), (2008), (2010), (2012), Moreira (2002), Preti (2000), Xavier (2014), among others. The study follows a qualitative approach, according to which the research data were analyzed in na interpretive way, evidencing the relevance of the referential processes observed, without focusing on their quantification. The corpus consists of fragments of the debate of the television network Band of the second round of presidential elections in Brazil in 2014. The political debate was randomly selected among nine political debates of the first and second shifts, which make up the universe of the research. For the analysis of oral data, the transcription was done based on the norms of Marcuschi (2003) and Preti (2000). The analyzes showed how different referential processes acted in the constitution of textuality and argumentation in the political debate, which showed how language reconstructs reality in a negotiated way and from a sociocognitive perspective. It was also seen how metaphorical recategorization promoted meaning through a complex process of inference, and the argumentation in the debate by the construction of discourse objects from the points of view of the enunciators.