Perfil metabólico e consumo de energia, macronutrientes e fibras de uma população de hipertensos da Zona da Mata alagoana

Abstract

The dissertation comprised a literature review and an article of results. The chapter of literature review addressed the relationship between macronutrients and fiber, and systemic hypertension; and was drawn from books and dissertations as well as articles published in scientific journals, using the Scielo and Lilacs databases. Next, the article "Energy intake, macronutrient and fiber and its association with the metabolic profile of people with hypertension" is presented which describes the metabolic profile and dietary intake of energy, macronutrients and fiber in a hypertensive population of the Alagoas Forest Zone, as well as verifying the association between them. This cross-sectional study has a sample of 288 hypertensive persons enrolled in the HIPERDIA / MS system. Demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, biochemical and food consumption data were evaluated. The Dietary Reference Intakes were used as reference for analysis of food consumption. The Kolmogorov Smirnov, chi-square and Pearson correlation tests were used, adopting p ≤ 0.05 as significant. Food consumption has an important influence in the control of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, obesity and hypertension. The relationship between disease and the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the diet has been demonstrated in various studies. Some studies indicate an inverse relationship between protein intake and blood pressure; others show that vegetable protein is associated with reduction of the same. Appropriate fat intake decreases the incidence of coronary heart disease, thrombosis, arrhythmias, and inflammatory disturbances. A balanced diet is healthy, with an increase of unsaturated fats and reduced saturated fats, and is beneficial for the prevention and control of systemic hypertension. In regards to dietary carbohydrate there is no evidence that its quantity affects blood pressure. Dietary fiber is associated with benefits such as a reduction in cardiovascular disease with diminished LDL concentrations, improved glucose tolerance and control of type 2 diabetes. Increasing dietary fiber promotes a reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly in adults and people with hypertension. In our study an excessive energy intake, a high frequency of abdominal adiposity and high cholesterol was observed; and a positive association between fiber intake in women> 50 years with sedentary lifestyle, high cholesterol, high LDL and low HDL was found. The adoption of a healthy lifestyle with weight reduction, dietary sodium reduction, physical activity, moderation in alcohol consumption and utilization of the DASH eating plan rich in fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, grains and fiber, composed of products low in fat (fish, chicken, lean meats and nonfat dairy) to reduce the consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol and increase the consumption of protein and calcium; with an appropriate supply of macronutrients, with a decreased total and saturated fat and an increased polyunsaturated / saturated ratio, is a principal factor in the prevention of hypertension and is indispensable in the treatment of hypertension.