Avaliação da migração celular, atividade antinflamatoria e antimicrobiana da Hyptis pectinata L. Poit.: estudos in vitro e in vivo com vistas ao tratamento de feridas

Abstract

Skin care is not a recent concern, since for centuries it has been investigated which can aid in the preservation and recovery of the largest organ in the human body. It is from this perspective that experimental studies based on medicinal plants that act in the healing and inflammation process are being developed, and among them, the plant species Hyptis pectinata have been highlighted by their biological properties and the wide popular use to treat several diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity and cellular migration of extracts of H. pectinata L. Poit .. The plant material of the leaves and branches was collected, macerated and filtered to obtain the crude extracts. Then, the extracts were partitioned, obtaining ethyl acetate, chloroform, methanolic and hexane fractions. In order to determine the antimicrobial activity of the samples, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test was performed and the MTT assay was investigated to evaluate cell viability, investigating the presence of cytotoxicity. The antidematogenic action was evaluated through the carrageenan peritonitis test. Surgical wounds were performed on the back of 36 Wistar rats and disks of polyvinyl alcohol sponges were inserted. The animals were given specific treatment for each group (n = 9) and, after 48 hours of the experiment, euthanized and exudate discs were removed, used as a source to measure MPO activity. The evaluation of in vitro cell migration was performed by the Scratch Assay method, with 3T3 fibroblasts. As a result, the presence of six groups was evidenced: Flavones, flavonols and xanthones; Catechins; Free steroids; Triterpenes; Saponins; Anthraquinones and condensed tannins. The crude extracts of leaves and branches of H. pectinata inhibited the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 1000 μg / mL, evidencing weak inhibitory activity and absence of antimicrobial activity for gram-negative bacteria. The crude extract of the leaves presented cell viability at concentrations of 62.5 and 125 μg / mL, being slightly cytotoxic at 250 μg / mL. On the other hand, the crude extract of the branches was shown to be severely cytotoxic at concentrations of 125 and 250 μg / mL and moderately cytotoxic at 62.5 μg / mL. In the peritonitis assay, the treated group with crude extract of branches reduced the number of cells to 5.73 ± 0.5 x 106 and treated with the leaf extract to 6.03 ± 0.7 x 106, evidencing a reduction in inflammatory cell proliferation in 67.61%, 65.91%, respectively. Topical treatment of mice with 100 mg / g Lanette® cream of the leaf extract twice daily reduced MPO activity, but there was no statistical sificance. The in vitro cicatrization evaluation showed that the crude extract of the leaves did not alter the cell migration when compared to the positive control, and that the crude extract of the branches decreased the cell migration.