A variação, na apódose, entre o futuro do pretérito e o pretérito imperfeito do indicativo em contextos hipotéticos na fala de alagoanos: as categorias semântico-discursivas de tempo, aspecto e modalidade

Abstract

This research aims to expand studies of the variation between the verb forms of future tense (FP) and imperfect indicative tense (IIP), the apodosis in hypothetical constructions initiated by if, through a community field research speech in Alagoas, considering the categories of tense, aspect and modality. Therefore, in addition to synthetic forms of FP and OIP buildings periphrastic V (FP) + INF and V (IIP) + INF variants were considered for the purpose of description and analysis. The theoretical and methodological principle behind this research is founded on the proposal spread by Labov (2008 [1972], p. 125), which considers the language in use within the speech community. For quantitative data analysis, we used the computer program Goldvarb X (2005), with the presentation of the percentage and the relative weight, contributed to the systematization of the study variables.We found that the periphrastic construction favors the IIP as a substitute form of FP in conditional clauses. We could also see that the auxiliary verb to go, when in periphrastic contexts is the most frequent verbal form in the speech community of Alagoas, which allowed us to infer that this auxiliary verb may be in grammaticalization process in the spoken Portuguese in Alagoas. Furthermore, we found that, as for the variable age, through research in apparent time, periphrastic shape indicates a change process in advance once that the participants of the initial age favor the use of the innovative variant and as there is an increase in age, innovative buildings are inhibited. As for the variables studied, the computer program considered the modality of the nine groups of factors, such as that discourages verbal alternation in the speech community of Alagoas. The other, education was considered the most significant. We believe that the linguistic phenomenon under study is guided by the principle of schooling and the stylistic variation may favor the use of FP, when there is a higher grade level. All results confirmed the hypothesis that linguistic and social factors favor the use of PII in apodosis, when in hypothetical contexts. Thus, we believe that our research can contribute to a more systematic verbal alternation between FP and IIP (simple and periphrastic verbs) in spoken Portuguese in Alagoas.