Avaliação da atividade antidiabética e ou inibidora sobre os produtos finais da glicação avançada de derivados aminoguanidínicos em ratos diabéticos

Abstract

Diabetes leads to vascular complications arising from biochemical changes generated by accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Aminoguanidine is an anti-AGE in clinical phase III studies, but its chronic use can lead to nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. For this reason, structural changes were made in the aminoguanidine molecule, originating nineteen derivatives, with which were evaluated for their antidiabetic and/or antiglycation effects in diabetic rats. For this purpose, initially was performed the in vitro cytotoxicity assay using the colorimetric assay with MTT3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 difeniiterazolium) in the J774A.1 macrophage cell line. To evaluate the antiglycation activity, AGES were produced in vitro by combining glucose with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The derivatives with the best outcome in vitro were submitted to acute toxicity tests in vivo at concentrations of 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg oral administration and, thereafter the antidiabetic and antiglycation potential were checked in Wistar rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (20 mg/kg, i.p.). After euthanasia, heart, kidney and liver were extracted from the animals and submitted to histopathotological examination and blood for hemogram and biochemical tests. The outcomes obtained from MTT assay indicated that seventeen out of the nineteen derivatives did not show any toxic effect at the concentration of 10 puM, which means they kept 80% or more of viable cells. In antiglycation assay for in vitro activity, thirteen of these nineteen derivatives got above 50% of inhibition in the formation of advanced glycation end products in a concentration of 2 mg/ml, and significant when compared to a minoguanidine at the same concentration. In a dose range from 0.5 to 2.5 mg/m, with the reading of inhibition percentage every seven days for 49 days, the derivative LOM 13 reached 94.6% of inhibition, while aminoguanidine inhibited up to 74% of AGES, at concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. In studies in vivo the derivatives LOM3, LOM 13 and LOM15 were non-toxic, that means that the rats did not lose weight, neither showed behavioral, biochemical nor histological changes that could have been related to the use of derivatives. In tests for antidiabetic and antiglycation activity, these three derivatives were able to reduce blood glucose levels by up to 65%, being significant when compared to glimepiride (2 mg/kg, oral administration), the standard drug used. Furthermore, the levels of fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin remained lower in the groups treated with the derivatives. Based on that, it was possible to conclude that the derivatives studied have low cytotoxicity, have the antiglycation potential to AGES-BSA, they were non-toxic at the concentrations used and can reduce blood glucose, fructosamine levels and glycated hemoglobin in diabetic rats. Thus, they represent promising prototype of drugs, enabling the possibility of having in the future a product capable of reducing glycemia and at the same time having antiglycation action, protecting individuals from macro and microvascular complications of diabetes.