Análise da evolução do desmatamento na bacia do rio Ipanema através do sensoriamento remoto

Abstract

Using remote sensing techniques, it is possible to monitor the spatio-temporal natural resources in different parts of the world in an efficient and systematic way, aiding large areas of agriculture, forestry, as well as in meteorological and hydrological forecasts. The present work had the objective of analyzing the temporal evolution of deforestation using the spectral properties of the vegetation to analyze the temporal evolution of deforestation in the Ipanema River basin between 1998 and 2015. For the accomplishment of the research the algorithm was used SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land), with eight orbital images, four of the Landsat TM 5 satellite and four of the Landsat 8 satellite, obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) at orbit 215 and point 66 and 67, on the dates of 01/12/1998, 17/10/1999, 10/12/2013 and 11/14/2015. The images were processed using the Model Maker tool models ERDAS Imagine 9.2 and Qgis 2.14. Estimates of the surface albedo, vegetation index and surface temperature were obtained to provide an analysis of the influence of precipitation, mean temperature and relative humidity on the study area. The vegetated area of the basin was specified from the vegetation index by normalized difference and varied for the years 1998, 1999, 2013 and 2015, respectively, by 67.91%, 87.31%, 7.61% and 3, 36%. With the analysis of the data in the meteorological stations it was verified that there was no record of rain in the ten days prior to the dates of the images 1998, 2013 and 2015. In 1999, rainfall was recorded and, therefore, presented higher vegetation indices in relation to the Analyzed. With this, it was possible to verify a reduction of the area with vegetation of 64.55% between the years of 1998 and 2015.