Prevalência e fatores associados à insegurança alimentar e nutricional

Abstract

The proper alimentation is one of the basic human rights, which is indispensable for the ensuring all other rights and the full exercise of citizenship, covering aspects that are not limited only the access to food, but also to the context in which are inserted individuals and communities. The difficulty of regular and permanent access to food by a significant part of the population determines to food insecurity and nutrition (INSEC), complex and multidimensional phenomenon that develops as a continuous and differentiated process in stages, ranging from concerns of to lack food, to qualitative changes in feed and hunger itself. In order to contribute to of discussion this problematic, was held this dissertation, which is composed of a chapter of literature review and an original article, which aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with food insecurity (FI) in Alagoas during the recent economic crisis through which passes the country. It is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 3.366 families. The FI was identified based on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. The associations with independent variables in the crude analysis obtained p <0.2 (chi-square), were subjected to multivariate analysis. The prevalence of FI was 58.3% (33.1%, 17.9% and 7.3% for mild, moderate and severe forms, respectively), considerably higher than the 34.6% found by IBGE before (2013) the worsening of the current economic crisis. Factors independently associated with IA were head of household is female, head of household does not have income, women overweight, number of family members ≥ 4, family income ≤ 1 minimum wage, family be economy class D-E, be user of government program, domicile not be masonry, does not reside in own home and the amount of room in the house ≤ 4. The prevalence of FI exceeded that found in a survey conducted before the current brazilian economic crisis and, out overweight women, all associated factors are related to the largest family of socially vulnerable, demonstrating the need to strengthen the maintenance and strengthening of public policies aimed at ensuring food and nutrition security.