Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional no período recente (2003-2010): uma análise crítica dos planos e ações formulados para o Nordeste.

Abstract

After a long empty period of regional development policies in Brazil, was elected in 2003 Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva as a President, who, among his campaign promises stood out the recreation of SUDENE and combating regional inequalities. In his first year in office, were prepared version for discussion of the National Policy for Regional Development and the project that laid the foundation for recreation of SUDENE. However, the institutionalization of these materialized only four years later, in 2007. This large range leads us to reflect on the priority of these projects for the government and about their real intention in developing the Northeast. Thus, this work has the objective to do a critical analysis of the federal government's role in reducing regional disparities, through the National Regional Development Policy (2003) and the Northeast Sustainable Development Strategic Plan (2006), as well as sectoral actions that benefited the region. Under the aegis of the important contributions of Celso Furtado in the theory of development and underdevelopment, and the applicability of his theory to the Brazilian Northeast, was held initially review the literature on exercise of theorizing. With a view to enriching the debate, a brief history of regional development policies was produced in Brazil, covering the period 1960-2001, ending with SUDENE's extinction. Going to the object of study, was performed a characterization of the Brazilian political-economic trajectory and also the Northeast, from 2003 to 2010, as well as the description of the policy and strategic development plan for Northeast, aiming at the understanding of their structural elements and their strategies. Thus, was found the absence of an economic development project for the country, which, in turn, weakened the implementation of regional policy. In addition, with the approach of inequalities at multiple scales, the policy has to be treated in a unified way the relative backwardness of all macroregions, not giving the real and necessary priority to the Northeast. There was a lack of convergence between the priority lines and planned investments in the strategic plan, as well as several limitations of financing funds, which among other elements, we highlight the low ability to influence the location of investment and sectoral selectivity in induction of strategic segments. However, it was found that the regional policy although well built, failed to materialize. Investments converged to modernize its economy and infrastructure, and not to the actual and necessary structural changes devised by Furtado.