O desmatamentro da Amazônia brasileira entre 1980 a 2021 : uma releitura voltada para a educação ambiental

Abstract

The Amazon rainforest represents one of the largest tropical forests in the world and is of inestimable importance for the maintenance of various ecological services, not only in Brazil but in other countries. The high rate of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, since 1970, has generated a growing worldwide concern with the preservation of this forest. Even after the formulation of the National Environmental Policy in 1981 and, consequently, the elaboration of other forest preservation policies, deforestation rates reached worrying levels in 1995, suffering significant fluctuations in the following years. It is again from 2018 onwards that deforestation begins to reach high levels, putting this great forest reserve on the planet at risk. Thinking about the importance that the Amazon rainforest represents for the balance of different ecological processes, this work aims to elaborate a comprehensive survey of information on deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, providing adequate material for environmental education, formal and non-formal. As it is a complex and persistent problem, the aim is to trace the trajectory of deforestation in the region, based on multiple references, aiming to: (1) identify the main activities involved in the deforestation process; (2) identify the states most affected by this process; (3) analyze what the scientific literature indicates about the application of environmental policies to control deforestation in the Amazon over the years; (4) compile data on the impact of deforestation and fires, in Brazil, with regard to the emission of greenhouse gases and; (5) analyze what the literature suggests for the reorientation of environmental control procedures aimed at reducing deforestation in the region. Finally, this bibliographic survey aims to make the collected and commented information available in an accessible way to the environmental education process.