Tudo sob o céu resta dividido : a soberania sobre Taiwan posta em cheque e seus impactos na geopolítica mundial

Abstract

The People's Republic of China is today the second largest power in the world, with forecasts of being able to reach the number one position in the world in a few years. Its economy has demonstrated, in recent decades, a great evolutionary capacity, evolving from an eminently agrarian country to the top of the main development indicators in record time. However, such an accumulation of power ends up undermining the already established international order. In this sense, the rise of the Asian giant has put it on a collision course with the one that holds the current position of hegemonic power, the United States. In this context, there is a problem that, despite being old, becomes even more important today due to such changes, the question of Taiwan. This small island becomes an increasingly recurrent theme in the global geopolitical scenario, and therefore its study also gains relevance. While for the Chinese government, Taiwan represents a matter of national interest, symbolizing the main objective of the nation's incessant search for its national unity and consolidation as a power, the reasons for which reverberate throughout its history. For the US, under arguments of defense of self-determination, freedom and democracy, the Peninsula plays an important role in its containment plans and possible attempts to destabilize the Asian rival. It is in this sense that the present work aims to analyze the sovereignty dispute between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, currently Taiwan. To do so, the historical context involved in the plot will be examined, in addition to some of the main themes of international law, such as sovereignty, territorial integrity, non-interference and the right to self-determination of peoples.