Níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde de escolares do 1º ano do ensino médio de uma escola pública estadual de Maceió – AL: contribuições das intervenções do Programa de Residência Pedagógica

Abstract

Adequate levels of physical fitness (ApF) provide beneficial health effects, however, the decrease in levels of physical activity (PA) and, consequently, low levels of ApF are related to the development of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, as well as, impairment of functional capacity. The present study aimed to identify changes in the levels of health-related physical fitness (AFRS) in students regularly enrolled in classes other than the 1st year of high school (MS) at a public full-time state school in the city of Maceió / AL. This is a quantitative, experimental, pre- and post-test, cross-sectional study, carried out with 23 students of both sexes (11 boys and 12 girls), with an average age of 15 ± 0.67 years, members of the classes inserted in the Pedagogical Residence Program (PRP). The intervention program was carried out in School Physical Education (EFE) classes, with a frequency of two weekly classes during an academic year. Tests were applied to measure the body mass index (BMI); the estimate of excess visceral fat through the waist and height ratio (RCE); flexibility through the sit and reach test; abdominal resistance through the maximum number of repetitions in one minute; and cardiorespiratory fitness (APCR) through the six- minute running / walking test, according to the protocol established by the PROESP-Br Manual of Tests and Evaluation. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. The results pointed to the BMI (pre: 21.2 kg / m2 ± 4.40 kg / m2 - post: 21.5 kg / m2 ± 4.30 kg / m2); for the CER (pre: 0.4cm ± 0.05cm - post: 0.4cm ± 0.04cm); for flexibility (pre: 32.5cm ± 9.69cm - post: 36.2cm ± 9.41cm); for abdominal resistance (pre: 23.7rep ± 7.28rep - post: 28.8rep ± 8.90rep) and for APCR (pre: 850.0m ± 198.42m - post: 881.1m ± 213.27m) . Such results suggest that the evaluated students presented satisfactory rates, being mostly within the healthy zone (ZS), for the CER and flexibility. On the other hand, it was identified that for the BMI there was a narrow improvement, at the same time as schoolchildren in the health risk zone (ZRS) for abdominal resistance and for CRP. Given these facts, it was found that only participation in classes in the intervention program was not sufficient to promote satisfactory levels in all variables. Above all, when analyzing the initial and final scores, it was found that for both sexes the intervention program had positive effects on all components of the AFRS, contributing in a relevant way to promote benefits for the quality of life and to minimize the risk conditions to school health.