Análise do desempenho térmico de creche do Programa Proinfância: estudo de caso no clima semiárido de Arapiraca-AL

Abstract

The construction of Brazilian public schools has been carried out by patterned projects, which speed up the construction process and supply demand more quickly, but make adaptation to the local context impossible. One of these adaptations is that of the climatic context, the lack of which compromises the students' learning process. To guarantee children's access to daycare centers and early childhood education schools in the public network and to increase the volume of delivery of these buildings, the Federal Government created the National Program for the Restructuring and Acquisition of Equipment for the Public-School Network for Early Childhood Education (Proinfância), using new construction technologies. However, the extent and diversity of climate in Brazil makes it impossible for only one project to meet the needs of all locations. So, this work aims to analyze the thermal performance from one of these units, located in the semi-arid climate from the Arapiraca-AL city. For this, the research was divided into two stages: qualitative and quantitative. The first evaluate whether the object of study - Centro de Educação Infantil Professora Berenice Miranda Neto – answer the requirements established by the norms referring to the theme (NBR 15220 and NBR 15575), and the second, makes the climatic monitoring of the building, with the survey of internal climatic variables (temperature and relative humidity of the air, surface temperature, wind speed and globe temperature) of the classrooms and external (temperature and relative humidity of the air) in the hot and humid periods (April to September) and hot and dry (October to March). In the qualitative evaluation, it was found that the building answers part of the requirements of the Standards – although they are not indicated for the type of building studied, they are the only ones, so far, that deal with thermal performance – and the sectorizing indicated that the rooms are well oriented as to the solar position and wind direction, however, the openings are insufficient for their use. In the quantitative evaluation, it was observed that: in both periods, the rooms were warmer than the outside, and changed on days with extreme conditions of temperature and relative humidity, which had thermal damping; the thermal performance of the rooms was directly influenced by the glazed areas from windows, showing a strong correlation with daily heating in all periods; in the hot and humid period, all rooms were thermally comfortable for most of the monitoring time, which was inverted to the hot and dry period, when all rooms were uncomfortable most of the time; and natural ventilation proved to be insufficient to promote comfort in the rooms from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.. Thus, it became evident the need for interventions that favor the reduction of the temperatures from the rooms, and there was a potential to use bioclimatic strategies that may be appropriate for the building.