A cidade como um sistema complexo: transformações morfológicas e climáticas em Maceió

Abstract

The urban form is built through time and at in of space into a dynamic system that involves politics, economics, the environment, culture and many other connections. The fragmented study of the city may have a connotation of analysis, at the which, by fractioning the whole, one there is understanding of the isolated parts. Many studies about the city have evidenced the close relationship between growth and urban climate changes. In this sense, the present work sought a differents perspective of approach of the city that trats with the investigation of the city of Maceió regarding the morphological and climatic transformations over time from althrough the otics of complex systems by having as focus in interrelationships between these transformations. The study is conducted by Edgar Morin's Complex Thinking approach and in Systemic Theory, and has assumed a nonlinearity characteristic, both in writing and in the methodological steps that developed as researchs has advanced. Subsequently, were opted by the definition of a route that the evidenced urban morphological significant transformations in the historical and current context of the city. This one, start in the upper part of the city, goes down to the Centro neighborhood, follow to lagoon plain and go to until the south coast of the city, does margin with the maritime fringe, the historic neighborhood of Jaraguá, advances until fringe of the neighborhoods of the Pajuçara, Ponta Verde, Jatiúca and finishes in the Cruz das Almas neighborhood, reaching the north coast. After the researching about historical city data querie in maps, photographs and the observation of the transformations In loco, data obtained by remote sensing, NDVI and surface temperature for the years 1990, 2006 and 2006 were also used. 2018, in addition to surface temperature data obtained at 51 points along the way, with the purpose of comparing the observed urban transformations with the data obtained in this space of time span of almost three decades. The view that the interrelationships between space, time and change of the urban climate are intense is what support the present research, in the sense of conducting the study through the bias of the Complexity Theory. The results obtained evidenced the influence the evolution and urban ordering of the city in the formation of a differentiated climate. However, the study's complex approach allowed for to establish connections more deepened between urban climate, morphology and the the timeline.