Consulta coletiva: uma estratégia para redução da transmissão vertical do HIV em gestantes

Abstract

The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was recognized in the middle of 1981, in the USA, from the identification of a high number of adult male patients. The feminization of the epidemic affects pregnant women and, therefore, part of the child population, since pregnant women infected by vertical transmission (TV) have the possibility of infecting their child during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The Ministry of Health states that in planned pregnancies, with interventions performed properly during prenatal care, childbirth and breastfeeding, the risk of vertical HIV transmission is reduced to less than 2%. Therefore, the present study aims to understand the effectiveness of health education in the group of pregnant women with HIV treated at a Specialized Service (SAE) in the city of Maceió-Alagoas as a strategy to reduce vertical transmission. This is a descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, approved by the Municipal Health Department of Maceió and by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Alagoas. Data were collected through interviews with a semi-structured form and consultation of medical records, categorized according to Minayo's analysis technique. The research was carried out from November 2019 to January 2020 with 8 women with HIV who participated in the support group for pregnant women. Thus, it became possible to identify two thematic axes: Serological condition for Women Living with HIV (MVHIV) and Monitoring and participation in the collective consultation. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the profile of MVHIV agrees with the aforementioned literature, as well as to realize the relevance of tests performed in prenatal care for HIV detection. Women revealed about the knowledge acquired about the condition from the health education strategy, as well as the encouragement to adhere to treatment through the knowledge of its relevance in the prevention of vertical transmission (TV). The study also showed that, through collective consultation, MVHIV began to exercise acceptance regarding the condition, which highlights the methodology as an effective strategy to contribute to the reduction of TV.