Espiritualidade do casal na gravidez: uma estratégia de cuidado para a enfermagem

Abstract

Introduction: Spirituality and health, more precisely in current times have been strengthening ties in several health conditions, in fact, among situations where spirituality lights up, pregnancy emerges as a proposal for nursing to use it in pregnant women and sexual partners for confrontation with all the peculiarities of this condition. Objective: Analyse studies on the spirituality of pregnant women and their sexual partners in the face of nursing care. Methodology: An exploratory and qualitative integrative review with primary studies in English, Portuguese and Spanish, published between 2000 and 2019, which addressed pregnant women's spirituality and their sexual partners in the face of nursing care. The search occurred in the period of December 2019 and controlled descriptors were considered, such as "Pregnancy", "Sexual Partners", "Spirituality" and "Nursing", keywords and their synonyms with the Boolean terms AND and NOT. The studies were extracted from the BVS portal databases, adding the LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, MOSAICO, IRIS - PAHO databases and Coleciona SUS, CINAHL, PsycInfo, WOS, central to collaboration Cochrane, Embase and MEDLINE via PUBMED. Results and discussion: The selection took place through the PRISMA recommendation, thus, out of 684 reports identified, eleven articles were selected for analysis. The main findings show that 64% of the selected studies correspond to the Asian continent, 64% were obstetrics periodicals and 55% obtained in the sample women with pregnancy considered high risk for the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The studies were evaluated and categorized in a principal category entitled "Influence of spirituality on parents behaviors during pregnancy" and fourteen subcategories: "Pregnancy for the maintenance of the link between generations and ancestors", "Pregnancy as God's mercy", "Spiritual support offered by people close to us", "Mantra as a practice of self-control in childbirth and postpartum and for a better relationship with professionals during childbirth", "Confidence that God is in control of pregnancy, childbirth and baby", "Gratitude to God for pregnancy", "Pregnancy and child as divine gifts", "Abstinence of some behaviors in view of the baby", "Practicing good deeds so that the baby is also benefited", "Spirituality of the unborn child", "Prayer to overcome difficulties", "Position of opposition or support to abortion", "Going to sacred temples", "Cause and effect on the relation of this life, previous lives and spirits that died with the benefit or damage of pregnancy, birth and baby"; regarding to nursing context, the nurse was placed as a leading professional, providing support and necessary information to patients, however, he/she was not seen providing spiritual support for the pregnant couple. Although only one study provides a strong level of evidence and degree of recommendation, the uniqueness of the review is verifiable, as no work was found that aimed to address the spirituality of couples during pregnancy, and an interactive review is extremely important this respect to point out the knowledge gaps. The articles presented launch common themes, but it is important to have new research that addresses the complexity of couples' spirituality during pregnancy more precisely the complexity of the spirituality of couples in pregnancy. Conclusion: There are few studies on spirituality in the health area involving pregnant couples to investigate the influence of spirituality on parents and health professionals' behaviors. It is considered that this study will cooperate in the investigation of the nursing care in spirituality, in addition to pointing out the beliefs of these couples.