A importância da manufatura para a ontogênese do capitalismo

Abstract

Starting from the exposure of labor as exchange of society with nature, whereby are produced the means of production and subsistence necessary for humans existence, we seek to understand the configuration that labor assumes in period of primitive accumulation of capital, aiming to enable the production of goods. Thus, the study treat of manufacture, the original form of capitalist production, and its importance for the ontogenesis of capitalism. The research has bibliographic character, and its main reference is the book I of The Capital, by Marx. The period of manufacture is situated in the transition stage between feudal society and capitalist society, between the 16th and 18th centuries. During the “primitive accumulation of capital”, was established a division of labor to produce exchange values. To reach this context, we approach the process of developing a monetary economy within feudalism, which differed in the typical economy of autonomous feuds. During the manufacturing period, the capital use craft work, which was descedant by craft corporations and the feuds of the Middle Ages, because the lack of machinery in the period became necessary the use of manual labor. However, because it is a capitalist production character, already is distinguished of handicraft of corporations. The manufacture created a specific division of labor, made a separation between manual worker and intellectual worker, and gave rise to the collective worker: organism constituded by the set of partial workers of the capitalist workshop, whose function is potentialize the productive capacity. The consolidation of the capitalist mode of production in the 19th century surpassed manual labor which restricted production on a limited scale. However, the social complexes that originated in the manufacture remains as constituent elements of the capitalist mode of production in the subsequent phases, until contemporary times.