Luz natural e latitude : a influência da localização geográfica no desempenho luminoso de projeto padrão de sala de aula

Abstract

The proper use of daylight in the school environment plays an important role in the learning process and in the development of students. In this context, it is verified that the use of the same school architectural project throughout Brazil can compromise the luminous performance of the space, because the availability of light varies according to local particularities. Thus, this dissertation aims to evaluate the influence of the latitude in the use of natural light in the classroom of the standard design. In methodological procedures, computational simulations were performed, using the Troplux 8 software, in a classroom of the B typology of the Proinfância program in 4 different Brazilian capitals (Macapá, Maceió, Vitória and Porto Alegre), in 8 different orientations (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W and NW) and in five different scenarios, one free of external obstruction and 4 with obstructive buildings, based on the Angle of External Obstruction (AEO): 0°, 26°, 44°, 56° e 63°. For this purpose, performance indicators were selected in order to evaluate light sufficiency and potential discomfort and to compare the variables used: sDA300/50%, ASE1000/250h, ANAVE and ANAVU. The results showed that the greater the latitude, the lower the availability of natural light within the environment, which was aggravated by the presence of higher obstructing buildings, since there was a reduction in ANAVE (up to 57%) and sDA300/50% (up to 52.4%), compromising the luminous performance in the cities of Vitória and Porto Alegre with obstructive buildings with 15.5 m (AEO 26°) in N and S orientations. Regarding the potential discomfort, the W and NW orientations obtained the highest results and, consequently, the greatest influence with the presence of higher obstructive buildings, going from unsatisfactory, in the scenario free of obstructions (from 13.4% to 20%), to acceptable, with obstructive buildings with 62 m - AEO of 63° (from 0% to 1.7%), and, in higher latitudes (Vitória and Porto Alegre), lower obstructive buildings are necessary for a significant reduction when compared to lower latitudes (Macapá and Maceió). As a consequence, it was also found that higher heights of obstructing buildings generated greater gains in ANAVU (from 0.8% to 37.2%). Therefore, the relevance of local particularities in the luminous performance in the environment is verified, and should be taken into consideration when inserting a building in a certain latitude, in order to improve the use of natural light and the quality of space. It is also important to highlight the need for the use of efficient adaptability options in standardized projects.