Estudo piloto da segunda versão do questionário sobre conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos profissionais de saúde sobre Zika e suas complicações (CAP-ZIKA)

Abstract

Introduction: In view of the recent epidemic of Zika Virus in Brazil, coping with this arbovirus should have the necessary referrals quickly, to mitigate the complications that this infection may cause to the affected individual. Professionals need to be able to better receive and recognize early signs and symptoms of infection, as well as accurately conduct attention and case notification protocols. The quality of care of health professionals depends on a number of factors, including their training. In order to gather data about this need, a reliable identification of the theme to be explored is necessary. It is important to present a relevant topic of worldwide discussion and little explored, there is no questionnaire in the national and international literature that assesses the knowledge, practices and attitudes of health professionals about Zika Virus. Objective: This study aimed to conduct the pilot test of the CAPZika questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and practices about Zika virus disease and its possible complications. Methodology: This is a descriptive pilot study of methodological character, in which the questionnaire about Health Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices About Zika and its Complications (Cap-Zika) was evaluated in a pilot study by 34 Nurses working in the units. of the Family Health Strategy of the city of Maceió, from July to September 2019. Two instruments were applied: the first was the socio-demographic characterization of the participants and the CAP-Zika consisted of three domains: knowledge with 19 questions, attitudes with 8 questions, and practices with four questions. Participants also used a CAP-Zika questionnaire assessment tool, which assessed four points: 1st) clarity, 2nd) relevance, 3rd) question format and 4th) question allocation in the domain. For evaluation, a Likert-type instrument ranging from 1 to 4 was used, with alternatives: strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), partially agree (3) and totally agree (4). The Content Validity Index (CVI) was used to measure the proportion of nurses who were in agreement on the evaluated questions. The questions were considered valid if the agreement between the participants ranged from 0.80 to 1.0. Results: All questions belonging to the three domains were evaluated above the required cut-off range, but some suggestions for changes were made, so that points such as clarity and question format were improved. Based on the analysis of the professionals' observations and suggestions, the 3rd version of the CAP-Zika questionnaire was created. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the third version of the questionnaire obtained a good evaluation, according to the validity and content indexes achieved. After consulting for subjective changes regarding the clarity and format of the questions, it was possible to further improve this version by professionals who in practice are in contact with the theme routinely. It is believed that this study may contribute to strengthen the practice of health education and continuing education in the area of nursing and, thus, improve the quality of care provided to people with Zika virus disease and their families, reflecting on the improvement of quality of life.