Estudos sobre resiliência e a criança com doença crônica hospitalizada

Abstract

Resilience has been the subject of study in several areas of knowledge. In the social and health sciences, it refers to the ability of some human beings to mitigate or avoid the negative effects they may have on the health and development of people, families or even communities. The Brazilian Society of Resilience (SOBRARE) brings its definition as the ability of the individual to be flexible in times when facing difficulties or adversity. In order to investigate resilience studies and the child with hospitalized chronic disease. An integrative literature review was proposed to gather and synthesize resilience research results, providing a deeper understanding of the investigated theme. The research took place from May to December 2019 by searching for existing productions in the following digital databases: LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), PubMed / MEDLINE (US National Library of Medicine / International Health Sciences Literature), the SciELO portal (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and the Libraries: Virtual Health Library (VHL), and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). For the search strategy, the following descriptors were used alone or in association for the selection of articles: "Psychological Resilience", "Child", "Chronic Disease", "Resilience Psychological", "Child", "Chronic Disease". To narrow the sample, the Boolean operator and was used, along with the selected terms: psychological resilience and child, psychological resilience and chronic disease. The search resulted in 7 papers, after inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chronic illness in childhood and all that it implies can be considered a risk factor for child development, as the presence of the disease does not seem to match the image of vitality and future development linked to childhood and adolescence. In the context of resilience, few studies have attempted to understand the child's adaptation to this adverse situation. The situation of chronic illness in childhood and adolescence causes a turbulence in the daily lives of patients and families, which can lead them to the apex of stress, anguish and insecurity. Thus, family care for children contributes to the acceptable coping with hospitalization, making them able to cope with the stress and sudden changes that break with their daily life. In the hospital, it is the family, especially the mother, who remains in constant interaction with the child. In this context, there is a constant need to specialize in child care. Positive social perceptions of parents and good relationships effectively help a child in his or her ability to deal with major stressors. Being the main caregiver, she looks for alternatives to adapt to this new situation and organize herself to do the best care. Studying about resilience in children, the need to understand, apprehend and work on this capacity in both patients and professionals became apparent. It is perceived the need to pay attention to spirituality, faith that family and child profess as a form of care, support and propelling resilience, reframing the look for patients who are so weakened in a more humanized and holistic way by health professionals.