Identificação de microrganismos para controle de infecção em feridas crônicas

Abstract

Introduction: In health services where chronic wound treatments are performed, one of the major complications is linked to the appearance of infections, as they delay the healing of the lesion and cause systemic damage to the patient. The objective of the study was to identify the microorganisms according to the etiology of the lesion to treat infections in chronic vasculogenic, diabetic and pressure wounds. Methodology: This is a descriptive exploratory quatitative study in a large public and teaching hospital. The study was divided into three stages: interview with nursing professionals; interview with patients; swab collection and culture biopsies. Samples were collected from patients registered at a wound outpatient clinic, where the wound bed was cleaned with 0.9% SF and material was collected with swab and soon after biopsy. Identification of gram positive and negative bacteria was performed. Through the result of microbiological analysis the microorganisms were separated according to the incidence values according to the etiology of the lesion. Results: The final sample consisted of 40 patients, 40 swabs and 40 biopsies. Of the 40 swabs, 32 were positive and 08 were negative; Among the biopsies, 30 were positive and 10 negative. Fifteen different types of microorganisms were found, 02 (13.3%) gram positive and 13 gram negative. Of the bacteria found, the most frequent gram positive was beta-lactamase-producing staphylococcus aureus (8.06%). Among the negative gram, the most common were pseudomonas aeruginosa (40.3%), providencia stuartii (9.67%) and proteus mirabilis (6.45%). Gram negative pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common microorganism found in all types of lesions. Gram positive were found only in vasculogenic and diabetic ulcers. The greatest diversity of microorganisms was found in vasculogenic lesions, corresponding to 08 different types of microorganisms. Conclusion: From this study it was possible to identify the main microorganisms according to the etiology of the lesion for the treatment of infections.