Termorregulação do Recém-nascido nas primeiras horas de vida em Unidade Neonatal

Abstract

Thermoregulation is related to the individual's ability to stabilize heat production and loss, maintaining body temperature within normal limits. If thermoregulation is not effectively managed, some temperature disturbances may occur, including hypothermia. This is relevant due to the importance of care management related to the thermoregulation of the newborn and in the prevention of complications associated with temperature disorders such as hypothermia and hyperthermia. We analyzed the variation in the body temperature of the newborn in his first 24 hours of life in the Neonatal Unit. Descriptive, documentary study with quantitative approach and retrospective data collection. We evaluated 291 medical records of newborns admitted to the NICU or UCINCo from January 2017 to December 2018. Data were collected on the clinical, neonatal and therapeutic conditions associated with maintaining the newborn's body temperature. There was predominance of males (53.6%), RNs with low weight (45.7%), Preterm limbitophendous/late (33.3%), GaI (71.5%) and apgar between 7 and 10. They were born in an Obstetric Center, 33.0% and most deliveries occurred on an operative (60.9%). Respiratory disorders presented a higher rate (92.4%), followed by Prematurity (80.4%). Regarding dysthermia, 61.5% had moderate hypothermia, 16.2% mild hypothermia, 9.6% normothermia, and only 2.8% hyperthermia. High-weight RNs presented the lowest average temperature, between 34.7ºC and 35.8ºC, with the lowest record value within the first 24 hours of life. The most used ducts were the heated Incubator/Heated Cradle (70.1%), followed by Heating optimization (8.9%). Dysthermias continue to be present in a neonatal unit, with hypothermia, which presented a large index in the study. It is emphasized the importance of conducting other studies in order to evaluate the variations in neonatal temperature, as well as the conditions of birth, transport and admission, considering the time, characteristics of childbirth and health status of the newborn. In addition to establishing routines and protocols for team orientation, such as measures for prevention, comfort of the NB and care in a neonatal unit environment. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the improvement and improvement of the care offered by the health team in the environment of neonatal unit.

Keywords: Body Temperature Regulation; Newborn; Neonatal Intensive Care Units.