Efeito da sazonalidade na composição química e atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante e tripanossomicida de extratos brutos de própolis vermelha de Alagoas

Abstract

Propolis is a complex substance and is composed of substances such as: flavonoids, steroids, phenolic acids, gutiferones, among other compounds. Interest in this product of natural origin comes from the pharmacological potential that it possesses, for example, antibacterial, antifungal, healing, anticancer, anti-HIV, antioxidant. In Brazil the red propolis was classified as the thirteenth group and the red propolis of Alagoas is produced by bees of the Apis melífera species and its botanical origin is the Dalbergia ecastophyllum plant. Given the existence of the need for standardization of bioproducts from PVA, the objective of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of the red propolis of Alagoas during a seasonal study, through chemical-biological tests using the methods of determination of: total phenols, antioxidant activity, anti-trypanosome activity and antimicrobial activity collected in three apiaries of Alagoas. Samples were collected monthly in the apiary islands of Porto, Primavera and Paripueira, located in the municipalities of Marechal Deodoro, first two, and Paripueira, respectively. The total phenolics and total flavonoids tests by UV-vis, LC-DAD and LC-MS showed a variability of the concentration over the 12-month cycle with peaks of maximum concentration in the months of july and august, september and november for flavonoids and peaks of maximum concentration between November and March for guttiferones. An inverse relationship with the flavonoid concentration can be observed through antioxidant activity and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), in which high IC 50 (51.0 μg / mL) of the antioxidant activity and high MIC values (210 μg / mL) ) were observed in the months of lower concentration of flavonoids. All samples showed activity against trypomastigotes, having efficiency against this pathogen. The multivariate correlation data showed a correlation between the 4 analytical methods used for quantification of flavonoids with Pearson correlation greater than 60%. Multivariate correlation was also demonstrated between flavonoid concentration and seasonality. Guttiferones are more concentrated in the extract when the solar incidence is higher than 2000 kJ / m2 and flavonoids were more intense in the months of rains with intensity greater than 260 mm of rainfall with relative humidity above 78%. The production of phenols, flavonoids, and gutiferones is dependent on climatic seasonality.