Vulnerabilidade da criança e do adolescente de 0 a 13 anos : delineamento epidemiológico do abuso sexual em Maceió/Alagoas

Abstract

In Brazil, performing a carnal conjunction or practicing any libidinous act with or in the presence of a minor of 14 years is a sexual crime against a vulnerable person, regardless of consent, obeying the legal justification that the vulnerable does not have the necessary discernment for the practice of the act or, for some reason, cannot offer resistance. The present study aims to analyze the sexual abuse involving children and adolescents between 0 and 13 years of age, reported and presumed in Maceió from 2009 to 2017. To achieve this objective, an epidemiological study of the observational type with an ecological design involving children and adolescents under 14 years of age who were notified and registered as victims of sexual abuse and registered as pregnancy presumed abuse during this age group, Maceió / Alagoas. Data were collected from three banks: the SINAN, the Police Information System (SISPOL) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) and analyzed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences), for descriptive and inferential statistics, and TerraView for the georeferencing of the records. After the screening of the banks, 953 newborns were identified in Maceió, with mothers under 14 years of age; 170 reported victims of sexual abuse under the age of 14 (SINAN) and 211 records of reports of sexual abuse occurring against children under the age of 14 (SISPOL). When comparing the three banks, it is noticed that in the data collected with the State Secretary of Health through SINAN and the General Police Department of the Civil Police (SISPOL) are registered as sexual abuse 381 victims, however in the same period analyzed were registered 953 births of children with mothers aged 10 to 13 years. At the crossing of the banks it was identified that only 1.4% (14) of the girls who had children were registered as victims of sexual abuse. Girls were the most representative in both banks, 87.1% (SINAN) and 84.8% (SISPOL). However, boys are raped earlier than girls, averaging 2,049 years younger, ranging from 0.418 to 3.681. Children who are sexually abused by strangers are significantly older than those abused by relatives, with a difference of 3.82 years and significant at p-value <0.000. Spouse / Partner are significantly younger than the others. The most frequent place of abuses is the victims' own residence with 57.1%, where the children are younger than those abused on public roads, with a difference of 3.9 years. Among the 953 registered by the declaration of live births 20.3% declare to be married or to be in some type of stable union. Among the 50 districts of Maceió, Guaxuma, Benedito Bentes and Tabuleiro do Martins stand out as the ones that concentrate the largest number of cases reported and presumed. There is a need to give more guidance to health professionals in the component organs of the network of attention to this public, that notification is not synonymous with reporting, in the case of children and adolescents who are victims of sexual abuse, only the suspicion is enough notification. It is concluded that visualizing the child and adolescent as a vulnerable group allows to know and understand the particularities of these subjects, both in the micro (individuals) and in the macro (social group) view, in order to deal with situations such as sexual abuse, be confirmed or presumed.