Potencial forrageiro da espécie Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss e interações ecológicas com herbívoros e macrofauna, no semiárido alagoano

Abstract

Information on the chemical-bromatological composition of native Caatinga species and their interaction with invertebrate herbivores and macrofauna are necessary to understand the factors that influence the development and productivity of this species, so that an adequate management can be obtained. The aim of this study was to evaluate forage potential of Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss and its ecological interaction with herbivores and macrofauna in Alagoas Semi-arid. The research was conducted in two Caatinga areas of 1 ha each, in the municipalities of Olho D'Água do Casado and Delmiro Gouveia, Alagoas. For the chemicalbromatological analysis five matrices of the species B. gardneriana were selected in each area, and samples of branches and leaves were collected for the determination of the analyzes. In order to capture the macrofauna in the two areas, close to 15 matrices of the B. gardneriana species in the evaluated periods (Set/2017 to Dec/2018), Provid and Aerial traps were used, which remained in the field for 96 hours, after this period, was realized counting, identification of taxonomic groups at the level of order and evaluation by the Shannon (H) and Pielou (e) Indexes. In the evaluation of the herbivore, 10 leaves of 15 matrices were randomly collected in each area, in which qualitative and quantitative evaluations were performed. In order to correlate with macrofauna data (edaphic and aerial) and herbivore by invertebrates, B. gardneriana phenology was monitored, Soil Water Content (CAS) determinations, soil temperature and precipitation data were also collected rain. B. gardneriana (Murici) presents potential for forage use, being within the chemicalbromatological parameters established in the literature. However specific information on the development and/or growth of the plant needs to be elucidated, being more feasible the use of the fruit in natura or in the form of products, being able to be incorporated as a source of complementary income for the local population; The taxonomic groups present greater richness in the rainy season, when B. gardneriana has attractive like flower bud, anthesis, fruit and bud, thus attracting possible pollinators (Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera); The abundance of the macrofauna is high in the drought period, attributed to the Hymenoptera group adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions, with greater dendrogram attachment distance, in relation to the other groups, reflecting the high dominance, confirmed by the Shannon (H) and Pielou ( e), regardless of the areas, months and pitfalls used; B. gardneriana presents low herbivore by invertebrates, with Rate and Intensity in category 1 of damage; Herbivore of mastiffs and suckers occurs every month, regardless of the areas, demonstrating the adaptation of these herbivores to the variability of local microclimatic conditions and the herbivore by miners in the months in which there is rainfall, indicating their expert behaviour, since the microclimatic variations; Herbivore in the B. gardneriana species occurs with less intensity in rainy season, when the other species of Caatinga are with floral bud, before, fruit, bud, with a better distribution of herbivore among species; physical and chemical defence mechanisms of B. gardneriana species against invertebrate herbivores.