Avaliação in vitro do potencial anticâncer de extratos bruto e fracionados obtidos de folhas de Bowdichia Virgilioides

Abstract

Resistance to chemotherapy has been a problem in the treatment against cancer. In this context, the search for active compounds derived from natural products is increasing. Analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, among others, arouse interest in species that make up the Fabaceae family. The Bowdichia virgilioides species is commonly used for the treatment of various diseases, but there are few scientific reports demonstrating its pharmacological properties, such as antimalarial (DEHARO et al., 2001), hypoglycemic (SOUZA et al., 2009), anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive (BARROS et al., 2010). The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anticancer potential of crude aqueous extract obtained from the leaves of B. virgilioides and its fractions in tumor cell lines and in primary culture, with a qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites present in the extracts. Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were used (A549), melanoma (MDA-MB-435S) and T lymphoblastoid leukemia (CCRF-CEM) and primary culture of mononuclear cells of human peripheral blood (PBMC). Evaluations were carried out in cell viability with all the extracts obtained, followed by assessment of potential genotoxic, apoptotic and antioxidant chloroform fraction (BVF C) as well as its effect on the cell cycle of tumor cell line CCRF-CEM. Statistical analyzes were made by one-way ANOVA, followed by Newman-Kewls post-test and the results of the cell cycle, by the Two-Way ANOVA test followed by the post-test Bonferroni, both with significance level selected to p <0.05. The crude extract significantly decreased the viability of the A549 strain in concentrations of 1.8 to 30 ug / ml compared to untreated culture. The BVF fraction C was able to reduce cell viability of all tested tumor cell lines and showed no effect on primary cultured cells, suggesting a selective action; increased levels of reactive oxygen species and induced cell cycle arrest in G1, without causing genomic damage and apoptosis. The results showed that the BVF C is a potent inhibitor of proliferative T lymphoblastoid leukemia cells without affecting the viability of normal PBMC can therefore become an attractive target as a potential anticancer agent.