Efeitos da Quitosana na hipercolesterolemia experimental em coelhos albinos (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

Abstract

This research aims to verify the effects of Chitosan on the formation of atherosclerotic disease, by inducing hiperlipidêmica diet in rabbits and compare these effects to those of rosuvastatin using the experimental atherosclerosis model of Bernardino (2008), in relation to serum lipid levels, weight (total cholesterol, triglyceride and fractions), glucose, TGO, TGP, urea and creatinine, and Chitosan a nutraceutical derived mainly from the carapace of crustaceans. Already the rosuvastatin is a Statin that is part of the default group of drugs used in patients with Dyslipidemia which reduce the production of cholesterol and lipoprotéicos carrier triacil-glycerol. The sample was of albino rabbits, race 36 New Zealand adults and males fed with rations Socil ® and water ad libitum. The animals were distributed in the following groups: G1 (control group) was left ad libitum feed Socil ® 200 g, G2 powered with 200 g (ad libitum) control group ration, along with 20 ml of chicken egg yolk Carnaúba ® associated with Rosuvastatin calcium (2 mg/5 ml/day); G3 was fed in the same way the Group G2, differentiating only the replacement of Rosuvastatin by Chitosan (100 mg/5 ml/day) administered orally by oropharyngeal nelaton probe. G4 group was fed with 200 g of the same reaction of the control group, along with 20 mL of chicken egg yolk Carnaúba ®. This experiment was conducted during 100 days, biochemical analysis of blood every 33 days. In the statistical analysis, we used One-wey ANOVA, followed by Newman-Keuls post-test and adopted 95% significance level (p < 0.05). The weight, at the beginning of the experiment, there was a statistically significant difference. The rates of total cholesterol was below 30 in all groups. These rates have increased from 400 mg/dL in all groups fed chicken egg yolk after 66 days, demonstrating the effectiveness of the experimental diet cause hyperlipidemia. Rosuvastatin (G2) and Chitosan (G3) were able to reduce total cholesterol significantly just on day 66, while the Chitosan appears to have lost the effect in reducing the total cholesterol over a period of time. For LDL cholesterol, rosuvastatin, as Chitosan, were able to reduce it in a similar way and significant compared to the G4 Group (GEM) to 33 days, did not have a good effect for 66 days and 99 Chitosan increased LDL cholesterol significantly compared to other groups. In relation to HDL cholesterol, though non-significant, decreased with time hiperlipidêmica diet. Only to 33 days, Chitosan had significant effect and the best rosuvastatin on this item. Already in relation to cholesterol VLDL, rosuvastatin had a good effect while the Chitosan was terrible, the same occurred in relation to triglycerides. Chitosan has proved to be an excellent antihiperglicemiante and potentially better than rosuvastatin on this item. Rosuvastatin also proved to be aggressive liver apparently, what did not occur with Chitosan. Already in relation to renal function, rosuvastatin was able to improve the plasma urea which has not occurred with the effects of Chitosan, however, both drugs significantly lowered serum levels of creatinine in the Group fed with rations and gem.