A presença da mulher no legislativo brasileiro: construindo a igualdade de gênero

Abstract

From the analysis of the position occupied by women in society, and from a differentiation between public and private spaces that includes the domestic ambience and reveals the low female presence in public spaces, this work pursuits to understand the reasons for such sub-participation, seeking to reveal how society historically institutionalized means to justify the occupation of separate spaces for men and women, and how it still reflects a male point of view in law and politics that doesn’t make room to the inclusion of the female specificities. It demonstrates how the formal extension of rights to women was not enough by itself to change the reality. While the right of suffrage was conquered in 1932, and nowadays women constitute about 52% of Brazilian voters, they are only 8% of the occupants of elective political positions in Brazil. By formulating a concept of democracy focused on participation and discussion, and its relations to fundamental rights and protection of minorities, this work questions the quality of the politics that are made in our country to avoid the mass of women from ascending to elective positions. It seeks to understand the importance of participatory inclusion of marginalized groups, as well as the state's role and its limits in changing the reality of inequality in favor of the value of democracy with the inclusion of different points of view. Finally, it analyzes the Brazilian electoral system, as well as Laws Nº. 9.504/1997 and Nº. 12.034/2009 and their influence in building a more equal political representation, exposing its limits and seeing other possibilities of regulation.