Montagem e avaliação experimental de uma planta piloto de gaseificação operando com carvão vegetal e briquete de cana-de-açúcar

Abstract

The search for technologies for sustainable development which meets the economic and environmental viability, has provided meetings, and conferences among all nations. Clean energy production and environmental preservation are growing issues and promoted these events worldwide. On the world stage of evolution predicts energy supply that is gradually increasing and the share of biofuels (both ethanol and biodiesel) in the energy world, notably: (i) growth in the production of coal to liquid (CTL, English coal to liquid), (ii) increased demand for unconventional transportation technologies (hybrid and flex fuel cars), and (iii) increased capacity and nuclear power generation and accelerated improvements in energy efficiency. Currently, the use of the potential energy contained in organic materials such as agricultural waste, industrial and urban are still below the potential energy that exists in these inputs. Gasification is a thermochemical process for converting biomass into a gas fuel with basic features. This technology allows and the use of combined cycle with integrated gasification (IGCC), ie, the use of gases produced in gasification Otto cycle engines or gas turbine to produce electricity, and the application of the technique of capture and storage carbon (Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS), which gives low emission of sulfur, offers ease of processing multiple inputs and results in different energy products and post-processable. The choice of gasifier must be in accordance with the abundant supplies in the region. The biggest challenges for the advancement of gasification technology are the high cost of technology compared to the current price of a barrel of oil and lack of skilled labor to operate the system. This thesis aimed to assembly and assessment experiences of a pilot plant for gasification, processing inputs pertaining to the region (coal and briquette sugar cane bagasse), as the results achieved and the production of synthesis gas analysis and the production of electricity.