Tópicos em teorias de gauge com violação de simetria de Lorentz e CPT

Abstract

In this thesis we deal with a subject very studied in the literature, a violation of the Lorentz and CPT symmetries in quantum electrodynamics, however, under a di erent approach than usual. We present the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism using the Thirring 4D chiral model for massless fermions, which a principle does not violate these symmetries but induces spontaneously. Then, through the quantum uctuations in this purely fermionic model, we generate a bosonic sector in which the photons emerge as Goldstone bosons. The joint composite model of these two sectors is called the Bumblebee electrodynamics with the term Carrol- Field-Jackiw (CFJ). From this point, we deal with the radiative induction of the CFJ term with the purpose of elucidating some questions present in the literature. Finally, we reanalyzed Bumblebee electrodynamics with respect to its free energy content, where we relate it to the electrodynamics of the standard model.