Análise dimensional de vigas de madeira no município de Delmiro Gouveia - AL: estudo de caso

Abstract

Wood elements present themselves as an alternative solution for conventional structures used daily in construction. However, in Brazil, most of these structures are not dimensioned, especially the beams on roofs of non-high standard constructions. The pieces of beams, in particular, are structural arrangements that seek to obtain reduction of construction costs, in addition to guaranteeing the structural security protected by norms. In this sense, the present work analyzes, in the city of Delmiro Gouveia, the conformity of some roofing beams in relation to NBR 7190: 1997. The approach of the study was carried out by means of the survey of 15 (fifteen) random beams in the city, so that a plausible investigation was made as to the geometric and constructive characteristics of the elements. Subsequently, the safety conditions required by the standard that conceived the concept of approval or disapproval with regard to the solicitation of working forces and their physical and mechanical properties were verified. The results revealed that, for the most part, the pieces of beams were not satisfactory according to safety requirements. The simple straight bending test showed failure in 80% of the analyzed beams, while the maximum displacement evaluated in loco indicated 40% in the same direction. The other analyzes, such as transverse shear and lateral stability, did not present any problems regarding the dimensioning of the pieces. Thus, the analysis of the dimensioning in the pieces of wood beams presented consistent results, being able to conclude that there is a need to carry out a more adequate design for the elements of wooden beams that do not endanger the safety of the structure and, consequently, of the people exposed to it.