Análise do comportamento inovativo da indústria nacional no período de 2003-2014 sob a influência das políticas industriais de inovação

Abstract

Innovation is considered as a major force in economic growth since the adoption of new technologies influenced the competitiveness between companies and countries. This statement reinforces the relevance of industrial policies, capable of guiding and encouraging technological policies, which should be seen as a strategy to foster the industry. In the early 2000s the Brazilian government adopted these issues as part of the national policy agenda and intensified its efforts to promote innovation in the country. The aim of this present study is to understand the impact of innovation policies on the innovative behavior of the various sectors that compose the Brazilian national industry, from 2003 to 2014. A regression analysis with panel data was performed, using data from the Brazilian Innovation Survey (PINTEC) about 32 sectors, as a proxy for the results of industrial policies in the generation of innovations. The various sectors were classified according to their Technological Regimes (RTs) to identify the existing differences. An exercise of interaction with dummies was performed to identify the behavior of the independent variables in relation to the generation of innovation proposed for each regime. It was found that the M & E, P & D and GOV variables were the most significant to positively influence the innovation rate. The results of the interactions were as expected. The magnitude of the parameters of the variables has different impacts on the innovation rates, which varied according to each regime. The national industry presents innovative capacity distinct from the current competitiveness in the world market, however there is a relative similarity of the characteristics of the sectors observed with the classification proposed in the literature for the RTs. It can be said that industrial policy as proposed is ineffective for the promotion and generation of innovations and growth of the country. It is therefore necessary to draw up a more concise diagnosis of the problems of the national industry with the definition of more concrete objectives and goals, in order to promote greater dynamism to the Brazilian Innovation System.