Forma pura e forma material: língua, oralidade e escrita a partir de Hjelmslev

Abstract

The main goal of this bibliographic work is to discuss the relationship between language, orality and writing from the concepts of pure form and material form in Hjelmslev (1943a, 1943b, 1948a, 1948b, 1954, 1957, 1963). In this way, the elemental conception of orality representation by the writing is problematized based on the Hjelmsleviana theory. This conception, present in the history of Linguistics, conceives the letter as the direct representative of the sound and is based on argument of oral precedence in relation to writing. Hjelmslev, in turn, argues for the inexistence of a first/natural substance, an argument that contradicts to the idea that sound is the "natural bond" of language. We began with the oral and written treatment in the area, more specifically in Comparative Grammar, in the Neogrammarian Movement and in the General Linguistic Course (1916). Next, we situate the Hjelmslev project as an innovative CLG effect, especially the Saussurian notion of linguistic value, and we deepen the notions of language, expression, content, form and substance of the author, emphasizing the treatment of the substance of the expression because oral and written characteristics of it. Finally, we discuss the concepts of pure form and material form from the inclusion of the concept of purpot (along with form and substance), as well as the theoretical unfolding of this inclusion to think about the relationship between language, orality and writing. We have seen that Hjelmslev's theory opened up so that substances (sound, graphics, gestures, etc.) could be understood as possibilities of language manifestation. In this perspective, writing does not represent orality, but both are material forms (materially distinct) that refer to the pure form (language). In addition, the Hjelmslevian algebrismo gave evidence for the fact of the materialization and, at the same time, the presence of the subject, of a body affected by the language through the senses.