Síndrome metabólica e fatores associados na população adulta brasileira

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is described as a clustering of factors, including dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension and abdominal obesity. Across the world, MS has a striking impact on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The exact mechanism of the complex pathways of MS is not yet fully understood. In this context, and considering the complexity and multi-causality of this disease that affects different strata of the population, it is important to investigate the factors associated with its development in the Brazilian adult population, since the recognition of the magnitude of the problem is essential for the development of actions aimed at controlling the disease. In view of this, this dissertation aims to contribute to a better understanding of MS, describing the prevalence and factors associated with the disease, through a review chapter of the literature and an original article. The review chapter deals with the evolution and definition of the concept of MS, prevalences, main associated factors, and the actions and strategies implemented by international and Brazilian organizations to address the disease in question. The original article aimed to estimate the prevalence of MS and its associated factors in the Brazilian adult population. This is a cross-sectional study involving Brazilian adults aged 18 years or older, using data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2013. For comparison between the prevalences of MS, for each comorbidity and for the burden of diseases was based on their respective 99% confidence intervals (IC99%). The prevalence ratios, with their respective IC99%, were calculated using simple regression models and Poisson multiples. A high prevalence of MS in the adult and elderly population in Brazil was identified in 8.9% (IC99% 8.4-9.5) and only 23.8% of the population did not present any MS component. The sociodemographic, behavioral and comorbid variables were associated with MS, but differently between the sexes, where low schooling (1.46 [1.23-1.74]), stroke (1.36 [1, 00-186]) and other CVD (1.29 [1.03-1.62]) were associated among women and chronic renal failure (1.85 [2.23-2.76]) were associated exclusively among men.