Avaliação da capacidade antioxidante e perfil químico de própolis do Nordeste da Bahia

Abstract

Propolis is the product obtained from resinous substances, which is gummy and balsamic and which is collected by bees from flowers, buds, and exudates of plants. Its composition varies according to the region where it is collected and there is a great chemical diversity among the different types of propolis.This work aimed to evaluate propolis samples from the Bahia Northeast towardtheirantioxidant capacity and the chemical profile. The ethanol extracts of the samples (EEP) were fractionated by the technique of liquid-liquid extraction, leading to several fractions, hexane, chloroform and hydromethanol ones, which were evaluated for their chemical profile by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography and UV-vis spectroscopy), total phenols content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity through the use of DPPH, FRAP and lipid peroxidation)as was also performed an experimental design to evaluate the influence of variables (mass, temperature and alcohol content) in the extraction process, by verifying the antioxidant capacity.TPC for EEP and fractions ranged from 37 to 102 mg/g for sample 3, and from 44 to 78 mg GAE/g dry extract for sample 7.The absorption spectra in the UV-Vis of EEP and its fractions showed the characteristic bands of flavonoids.The values for scavenging radical ability (SRA %)ranged from 10 to 52.5% and from 8 to 78 % while the FRAP values ranged from 35 to 219 and 20 to 154 mg Trolox/g. Through the use of mimetic biomembranes for evaluation of the lipid peroxidation, the EEP fractions showed up to 90% protection.The use of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographyallowed the identification of 12 compounds among the EEP phenols(formononetin, gallic acid, rutin, coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol and ferulic acid).The experimental design showed us that we can work with minimum mass and temperature values. The high antioxidant capacity and the plethora of biologically active compounds present in the samples of propolis of the northeast of Bahia point to their potential pharmaceutical use.