Caracterização de Colletotrichum spp. agente causal da antracnose nas culturas do maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis Sims f. Flavicarpa Deg) e da romazeira (Punica granatum L.) na região nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fungi of the genus, stands out as one of the major diseases of fruit, providing great losses in world production. The aim of this study was to identify the species of the genus Colletotrichum through molecular characterization and Morphocultural in fruits of passion fruit and pomegranate. Were obtained forty isolated on passion fruit in the states of Alagoas and Sergipe, and ten isolated in pomegranate fruits in the states of Alagoas, Bahia and Pernambuco. Initially it performed a molecular characterization of obtained based on the sequences of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH), in order to assess the genetic diversity of species present in these cultures. The identification of the isolates was confirmed with multilocus analysis of GAPDH genes, β-tubulin (TUB2) and ITS-rDNA region. The cultural characteristics was evaluated by the color and layout of the colonies, as well as the measurement of their mycelial growth at 25 ° C. For morphological characterization, they were measured length and width of conidia and appressoria. five species of Colletotrichum responsible have been identified to cause anthracnose in yellow passion fruit in the states of Alagoas and Sergipe: Colletotrichum sp., C. brevisporum, C. cliviae, C. fructicola, and C. theobromicola, and three species of Colletotrichum affecting the rhombus states of Alagoas, Pernambuco and Bahia: C. theobromicola, C. tropicale and C. fructicola. These species had higher mycelial growth in synthetic medium BDA compared to the V8 means, CA and CMA. And the cross pathogenicity test showed that the species identified in this study cause lesions in papaya fruits, tomato, mango and chili.