Interação In vitro entre compostos orgânicos de Arsênio(V) e proteína carreadora empregando técnicas espectroscópicas

Abstract

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and it is responsible for the transport of most of the exogenous and endogenous compounds present in blood. Roxarsone (RX) and its metabolite acetarsone (AC) are organic compounds of arsenic(V) used in poultry as a food additive. In this sense, the interaction process of RX and AC compounds with BSA was evaluated under physiological conditions using spectroscopic techniques. It was possible to determine the formation of a supramolecular complex between RX and AC ligands using molecular fluorescence. The interaction degree was moderate, with a binding constant (Kb) of 4.27x105 L mol-1 and 0,27x105 L mol-1 for RX and AC, respectively. The quenching mechanism involved in the interaction process for both ligands was static and, preferably, by electrostatic interactions to the BSA-RX complex and hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals forces to BSA-AC. Both the formation of the complex and the quenching mechanism were confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The 3D fluorescence analysis evidenced structural changes in the BSA polypeptide chain, being more pronounced in the presence of the RX ligand in comparison to AC. In addition, the BSA-RX interaction process modified the BSA surface, leading to reduction of hydrophobic regions more effectively compared to BSA-AC. About the binding site, both ligands are preferably in the site II of BSA. From the results obtained by 1H NMR, greater chemical shift was observed in the presence of the AC ligand, being the region close to amide group interacting with BSA, while the RX ligand possibly interacts more superficially in the protein. Thus, the RX and AC ligands do not favor the kinetics of protein fibrillation, giving indications that the possible deleterious effects in the evaluated in vitro system are not related to this process. Alkaline phosphatase inhibition kinetics demonstrated inhibition of enzymatic activity from 5 min and signal stabilization in 55 min of analysis for both RX and arsenate (positive control). Finally, the evaluation of in vitro alkaline phosphatase activity showed inhibition of enzymatic activity in 42% in the presence of the RX ligand and 5% in the AC ligand, giving indications of more detrimental effects for RX when compared to AC.