Efeito da educação sobre os salários no estado de Alagoas durante o período de 2010

Abstract

The objective of this study was to verify how is the relationship between the level of education and salary in the state of Alagoas. Based on the income equation Mincer (1974), but they were also considered contributions from other pioneering works such as Schultz (1961; 1972), Senna (1976), Becker (1993) and other more recent. To achieve the proposed objective, it used the Census data (2010) for the state of Alagoas, considering only individuals with the age group 26-60 years by relying on the fact that this would be the range of productive age. The sample was analyzed from three econometrics techniques: (I) OLS: although it is a widely used method has some disadvantage for the analysis of these data, because it is common to be considered only individuals who have income, leading to selection bias and, furthermore, referring to income data are widely dispersed and how the OLS cannot capture this dispersion, it generates unreliable estimates; (II) Procedure Heckman: this method can correct the selection bias, based on the choice of instrumental variables that may influence the entry or not the agent in the labor market; and (III) Quantile regression: to analyze the sample in each quartile of income, can generate estimates eliminating the problem of the dispersion of the data. The results show that the return of education on income of Alagoas is considerable, independent of the method used, since Least Squares, this return is 12,29% which, after being corrected by Procedure Heckman reaches 18,88%; and quantile regression, the variation of wages due to education ranged from quantile 10,86% to 13,17%. Also noted is that there are wage disparities due to gender, race and place of residence, both between meso and between urban and rural.