Construindo uma rede quadrada com momento angular orbital da luz

Abstract

We engineer an intensity square lattice using the Fraunhofer diffraction of a Laguerre-Gauss beam by a square aperture. We verify numerically and experimentally that a perfect optical intensity lattice takes place only for even values of the topological charge. We explain the origin of this behavior based on the decomposition of the patterns. We propose an analytical solution for these diffraction patterns at different values of topological charges and find the reason for the truncation difraction patterns with beam having OAM. We also study the evolution of the lattice formation by observing the transition from one order to the next of the orbital angular momentum varying the topological charge in fractional steps.